There are two common types of mining electric locomotives: trolley electric locomotives and battery electric locomotives. This article also introduces these two.
        The trolley electric locomotive uses cables to provide energy for the locomotive. After the high-voltage alternating current is stepped down and rectified by the transformer, the positive pole is connected to the cable, and the negative pole is connected to the track. The current flows into the locomotive through the cable that is in contact with the pantograph, and then flows through the automatic air switch, controller, and resistance box, and finally enters the traction motor to drive the motor to run. The motor drives the wheels to rotate through the transmission device, and uses the friction between the wheels and the rail surface to make the locomotive move. The current finally flows out of the motor and flows back to the transformer through the track.

        The working principle of the battery electric locomotive is similar to that of the trolley electric locomotive, but because the power supply method is changed from a cable to a battery, the current flows directly from the battery and enters the traction motor after passing through the explosion-proof plug and resistance box. Then the traction motor drives the wheels to rotate, and the locomotive moves forward due to the friction between the wheels and the rail surface.

        In summary, the core working principle of an electric locomotive is to supply motor current to drive the wheels to rotate, which in turn enables the locomotive to travel. The only difference lies in the power supply mode and safety measures.